List of Free Instant approved article directory

http://www.educationresourses.org

http://www.article-directory.seo-mart.com

http://www.varshyl-tech.biz

Ranking Order of Social Media Websites

1. Facebook – 700,000,000 – Estimated Unique Monthly Visitors

2. Twitter – 200,000,000 – Estimated Unique Monthly Visitors

3. LinkedIn – 100,000,000 – Estimated Unique Monthly Visitors

4. MySpace – 80,500,000 – Estimated Unique Monthly Visitors

5. Ning – 60,000,000 – Estimated Unique Monthly Visitors

6. Google Plus+ – 32,000,000 – Estimated Unique Monthly Visitors

7. Tagged – 25,000,000 – Estimated Unique Monthly Visitors

8. orkut – 15,500,000 – Estimated Unique Monthly Visitors

9. hi5 – 11,500,000 – Estimated Unique Monthly Visitors

10. myyearbook – 7,450,000 – Estimated Unique Monthly Visitors

Social Bookmarking Websites

Search Engine Optimization Tips and Guidelines

Page Title
- The title should be between 3 and 7 words.
- The target keyword should be at the start of the title.
- Avoid special characters.
- While building Landing Pages use long tail titles which will be able to target 2 or more terms. (There is no benefit to use common keywords in title. Like for, in, the, is, etc)

Content:
- The keywordSrcastic should be the first thing on the page in an H1 tag.
- Try to avoid content duplication as much as possible.
- The keyword should be used at least once in each paragraph.
- The content length (as whole) should be between 600-1000 words.
- Supporting Keywords (e.g. alternative descriptive words, subheading, promotional text or related products) should be in h2 tags.
- ‘H’ tags should be used in hieratical format. (e.g. H1, H2 then H3)
- The page must not contain any dead link
- Keyword should appear at least twice in hyperlink text. (Better to put one link near the start of page)
- ‘Alt’ values of Images must be set to the keywordSrcastic.
- The page should be in complete linking hierarchy (Must be able to get to the page from our main site and vice-versa).
- Every image (apart from design images) should have Alt tag.
- If possible put keyword block in page. Having all target keywords in H tags.

Meta:
- Meta keywords should not be more than 30 words.
- Avoid duplication in Meta keywords.
- Try unique Meta description for each page (if possible).
- Meta description should be short and comprehensive.
- If page is static don’t include Meta Revisit URL
- Use unique Meta keywords in every page.

Social Book marking:
- It is very beneficial to bookmark landing pages (If pages are in less quantity) in Digg or Stumbleupon. It takes 3-4 extra minutes but has great benefits.

Page Name:
- Page name should be short and describe the content of page. (e.g. Keyword should be in page name)

What is an API?

These three letters stand for Application Programming Interface and without APIs, a whole range of integrated digital services would be unavailable – from posting pictures on social networking sites to sending email via SMS. API implementation is what lets applications, libraries and operating systems understand one another and interact, turning technology and software from complex niche devices to broadly accessible, multi-purpose consumer services.

An API works in a similar way to a user interface; providing an abstract interface for functional interaction between different componenets of different software systems. There are several different categories of API, tailored to specific or general uses. The two main categories are:

• General APIs – this is the most extensive form of API, effectively the part of a programming language that allows for functional interactivity between different programmes. Examples include the Standard Template Library in C++ or the Java API.

• Specific APIs – these are APIs designed for a specific problem or purpose. Examples include Google Maps API, which lets developers access the Google Maps data templates to build visualisations and tools such as journey planners or online pedometres, or an SMS API for text message marketing campaigns.

The most common type of API though has to be those aimed at web development. Tools for web development are often published freely (though retaining proprietary rights to the code), with the overall intent of facilitating the consturction of an open architecture for web content and data between different applications and online communities.

Add Google Maps to your website

http://maps.google.com/help/maps/getmaps/quick.html

Dress For Interview

While the college campus may be the perfect forum in which to exhibit your flair for the latest in fashion style, the interview is not the place to do so. With very few unusual exceptions, sandals and sweatshirts are out. Oxfords and business suits are still in. A necktie is still a fact of life in interviewing. Even though many companies have relaxed the internal company dress code, interviews still follow the conservative standard. Don’t buck the trend.

Unfortunately, most college grads are woefully underprepared with proper interview dress. They feel they can “get by” with what is already in their wardrobe. Usually not. Dress for the world outside college is quite different from the campus scene. Remember that stylish is not conservative. You should be doing the talking, not your clothes.

This is not to say that you need to go out and buy a whole new wardrobe. Go for quality over quantity. One or two well-chosen business suits will serve you all the way to the first day on the job and beyond. Then, when you are making some money (and have a chance to see what the standard “uniform” is for the company), you can begin to round out your wardrobe. For now, no one will fault you for wearing the same sharp outfit each time you interview. If you desire some variety within a limited budget, you might consider varying your shirt/blouse/tie/accessories as a simple way to change your look without breaking your wallet.

For those of you who need a quick review of the basics, follow these guidelines for successful interview dress:

Men and Women

• Conservative two-piece business suit (solid dark blue or grey is best)
• Conservative long-sleeved shirt/blouse (white is best, pastel is next best)
• Clean, polished conservative shoes
• Well-groomed hairstyle

• Clean, trimmed fingernails
• Minimal cologne or perfume
• Empty pockets–no bulges or tinkling coins
• No gum, candy or cigarettes
• Light briefcase or portfolio case
• No visible body piercing (nose rings, eyebrow rings, etc.)

Men

• Necktie should be silk with a conservative pattern •
• Dark shoes (black lace-ups are best) • Dark socks (black is best) •
• Get a haircut; short hair always fares best in interviews •
• No beards (unless you are interviewing for a job as a lumberjack!) •
• Mustaches are a possible negative, but if you must, make sure it is neat and trimmed •
• No rings other than wedding ring or college ring •
• No earrings (if you normally wear one, take it out)

Women

• Always wear a suit with a jacket; no dresses
• Shoes with conservative heels
• Conservative hosiery at or near skin color (and no runs!)
• No purses, small or large; carry a briefcase instead
• If you wear nail polish (not required), use clear or a conservative color
• Minimal use of makeup (it should not be too noticeable)
• No more than one ring on each hand

One set of earrings only If you are still not sure how to dress for the interview, call them and ask! That’s right–call the employer. But this is one time when you do not want to call the Hiring Manager–instead, ask to be put through to Human Resources and say:

“I have an interview with _____ in the _____ department for a position as an _____. Could you please tell me what would be appropriate dress for this interview?”

Sure, you run the risk of someone in HR thinking you are a social imbecile, but that’s a lot better than having the Hiring Manager distracted by inappropriate interview dress.

While many work environments have shifted to business casual as the work standard, business suits are still the interview standard. When in doubt, it is almost always better to err on the side of conservatism.

One final note on interview dress: while it goes without saying that your interview clothes should be neat and clean, very few interviewees give the same time and attention to their shoes. Shoes? Yes, shoes. I am aware of at least one Corporate Recruiter who forms first impressions based solely (pardon the pun) on shoes. This person does not have a shoe fetish–he subjectively judges that those who pay attention to details like their shoes are also likely to be diligent in their work life. And it is not just that person’s opinion. Many have said that you can judge a person by their shoes. You will find that many ex-military officers (many of whom have found their way into management positions in corporate America) are especially aware of a person’s shoes. It is not enough to be clean, pressed, and ironed. Make sure your shoes are conservative, clean, and polished.

$_SERVER – Super Global Variable in PHP

$_SERVER is an array containing information such as headers, paths, and script locations. There is no guarantee that every web server will provide any of these; servers may omit some, or provide others not listed here.

‘PHP_SELF‘ – The filename of the currently executing script, relative to the document root. For instance, $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] in a script at the address http://example.com/test.php/foo.bar would be /test.php/foo.bar.

‘GATEWAY_INTERFACE‘ – What revision of the CGI specification the server is using; i.e. ‘CGI/1.1‘.

‘SERVER_ADDR‘ – The IP address of the server under which the current script is executing.

‘SERVER_NAME‘ – The name of the server host under which the current script is executing. If the script is running on a virtual host, this will be the value defined for that virtual host.

‘SERVER_SOFTWARE‘ – Server identification string, given in the headers when responding to requests.

‘SERVER_PROTOCOL‘ – Name and revision of the information protocol via which the page was requested; i.e. ‘HTTP/1.0‘;

‘REQUEST_METHOD‘ – Which request method was used to access the page; i.e. ‘GET‘, ‘HEAD‘, ‘POST‘, ‘PUT‘.

‘REQUEST_TIME‘ – The timestamp of the start of the request. Available since PHP 5.1.0.

‘QUERY_STRING‘ – The query string, if any, via which the page was accessed.

‘DOCUMENT_ROOT‘  – The document root directory under which the current script is executing, as defined in the server’s configuration file.

‘HTTP_ACCEPT‘ – Contents of the Accept: header from the current request, if there is one.

‘HTTP_ACCEPT_CHARSET‘ – Contents of the Accept-Charset: header from the current request, if there is one. Example: ‘iso-8859-1,*,utf-8‘.

‘HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING‘  – Contents of the Accept-Encoding: header from the current request, if there is one. Example: ‘gzip‘.

‘HTTP_CONNECTION‘ – Contents of the Connection: header from the current request, if there is one. Example: ‘Keep-Alive‘.

‘HTTP_HOST‘ – Contents of the Host: header from the current request, if there is one.

‘HTTP_REFERER‘ – The address of the page (if any) which referred the user agent to the current page.

‘HTTP_USER_AGENT‘ – Contents of the User-Agent: header from the current request, if there is one. This is a string denoting the user agent being which is accessing the page.

‘HTTPS‘

Set to a non-empty value if the script was queried through the HTTPS protocol.

‘REMOTE_ADDR‘ – The IP address from which the user is viewing the current page.

‘REMOTE_HOST‘ – The Host name from which the user is viewing the current page. The reverse dns lookup is based off the REMOTE_ADDR of the user.

‘REMOTE_PORT‘ – The port being used on the user’s machine to communicate with the web server.

‘SCRIPT_FILENAME‘ – The absolute pathname of the currently executing script.

‘SERVER_ADMIN‘ – The value given to the SERVER_ADMIN (for Apache) directive in the web server configuration file. If the script is running on a virtual host, this will be the value defined for that virtual host.

‘SERVER_PORT‘ – The port on the server machine being used by the web server for communication. For default setups, this will be ‘80‘; using SSL, for instance, will change this to whatever your defined secure HTTP port is.

‘SERVER_SIGNATURE‘ – String containing the server version and virtual host name which are added to server-generated pages, if enabled.

‘SCRIPT_NAME‘ – Contains the current script’s path. This is useful for pages which need to point to themselves. The __FILE__ constant contains the full path and filename of the current (i.e. included) file.

‘REQUEST_URI‘ – The URI which was given in order to access this page; for instance, ‘/index.html‘.

‘PHP_AUTH_DIGEST‘ – When running under Apache as module doing Digest HTTP authentication this variable is set to the ‘Authorization’ header sent by the client (which you should then use to make the appropriate validation).

‘PHP_AUTH_USER‘ – When running under Apache or IIS (ISAPI on PHP 5) as module doing HTTP authentication this variable is set to the username provided by the user.

‘PHP_AUTH_PW‘ – When running under Apache or IIS (ISAPI on PHP 5) as module doing HTTP authentication this variable is set to the password provided by the user.

‘AUTH_TYPE‘ – When running under Apache as module doing HTTP authenticated this variable is set to the authentication type.

‘PATH_INFO‘ – Contains any client-provided pathname information trailing the actual script filename but preceding the query string, if available. For instance, if the current script was accessed via the URL http://www.example.com/php/path_info.php/some/stuff?foo=bar, then $_SERVER['PATH_INFO'] would contain /some/stuff.

Superglobals Variable in PHP

Several predefined variables in PHP are “superglobals”, which means they are available in all scopes throughout a script. There is no need to do global $variable; to access them within functions or methods.

These superglobal variables are:

• $GLOBALS
• $_SERVER
• $_GET
• $_POST
• $_FILES
• $_COOKIE
• $_SESSION
• $_REQUEST
• $_ENV

Object Oriented Programmings (OOPs) Concept in PHP5

Classes begin with the keyword ‘class’, followed by the class name which the user may choose. The keyword ‘new’ used to create object from a class.

Inside the scope of a current class context, it is possible to create a objects by using keywords ‘self’ and ‘parent’;
eg: new self; new parent;

A class can inherit methods and members of another class by using the keyword ‘extends’;
eg: class inheritedclass extends parentclassname{ }

Any inherited methods and members of the parent class can be overridden, unless the parent class has defined a method by using the keyword ‘final’, by re declaring those methods or members with the same name defined in the parent class.

Visibility of Class member

The visibility of a member property or method of a class can be defined by prefixing the declaration with the keywords: public, protected or private. Public declared items can be accessed everywhere. Protected limits access to inherited and parent classes (and to the class that defines the item). Private limits visibility only to the class that defines the item.

Parent and child class can have a private set of private variables that no-one else has access to, other than the class itself even it was inherited. Which means private members of a class can’t be overridden.

Class constants

keyword used to declare a constant is ‘const’. Constants differ from normal variables in that you don’t use the ‘$’ symbol to declare or use them. The value must be a constant expression, and should not be a variable, a class member, result of a mathematical operation or a function call.

Scope resolution operator (::)

The Scope Resolution Operator is a token that allows access to static, constant, and other members or methods of a class. Two special keywords self and parent are used to access members or methods from inside the class definition. Call it by the name of the class, when referencing these from outside the class.

Constructors and Destructors

Constructors

Classes which have a constructor method call this method on each newly-created object, so it is suitable for any initialization that the object may need before it is used.

Note: Parent constructors are not called implicitly if the child class defines a constructor. In order to run a parent constructor, a call to parent::__construct() within the child constructor is required.

Destructors

The destructor method will be called automatically when as all references to a particular object are removed or when the object is explicitly destroyed or in any order in shutdown sequence.

parent destructors will not be called implicitly/ automatically by the engine. we need call manually by calling parent::__destruct() in the destructor body.

Autoloading Classes

In PHP 5, this is no longer necessary. You may define an __autoload function which is automatically called in case you are trying to use a class/interface which hasn’t been defined yet. By calling this function the scripting engine is given a last chance to load the class before PHP fails with an error.

The function __autoload gets the class name whenever any object gets created. so we can include the class definition for the particular class. So the main usage is to avoid include lot of class file in every page.

Static Keyword

Declaring class properties or methods as static makes them accessible without needing an instantiation of the class. A property declared as static can not be accessed with an instantiated class object (though a static method can).

For compatibility with PHP 4, if no visibility declaration is used, then the property or method will be treated as if it was declared as public.

Because static methods are callable without an instance of the object created, the pseudo-variable $this is not available inside the method declared as static.

Static properties cannot be accessed through the object using the arrow operator ->.

Class Abstraction

When inheriting from an abstract class, all methods marked abstract in the parent’s class declaration must be defined by the child; additionally, these methods must be defined with the same (or a less restricted) visibility. For example, if the abstract method is defined as protected, the function implementation must be defined as either protected or public, but not private.

It is not allowed to create an instance from a class that has been defined as abstract. Any class that contains at least one abstract method must also be abstract. Methods defined as abstract simply declare the method’s signature they cannot define the implementation.

when overridding an abstarce method or abstarct member property, the visibility would be less restrictive or same; For example, if the abstract method is defined as protected, the function implementation must be defined as either protected or public, but not private.
An abstract class that extends another abstract class doesn’t need to define the abstract methods from the parent class.

Overloading

PHP’s interpretation of “overloading” is different than most object oriented languages. Overloading traditionally provides the ability to have multiple methods with the same name but different quantities and types of arguments.

Overloading in PHP provides means to dynamically “create” properties and methods. These dynamic entities are processed via magic methods one can establish in a class for various action types.

The overloading methods are invoked when interacting with properties or methods that have not been declared or are not visible in the current scope. The rest of this section will use the terms “inaccessible properties” and “inaccessible methods” to refer to this combination of declaration and visibility.

All overloading methods must be defined as public.

Member overloading:
void __set ( string $name , mixed $value ) – is run when writing data to inaccessible members.
mixed __get ( string $name ) – is utilized for reading data from inaccessible members
bool __isset ( string $name ) – is triggered by calling isset() or empty() on inaccessible members.
void __unset ( string $name ) – is invoked when unset() is used on inaccessible members.

Method overloading
mixed __call ( string $name , array $arguments ) – is triggered when invoking inaccessible methods in an object context.
mixed __callStatic ( string $name , array $arguments ) – is triggered when invoking inaccessible methods in a static context.

Object Iteration

PHP 5 provides a way for objects to be defined so it is possible to iterate through a list of items, with, for example a foreach statement. By default, all visible properties will be used for the iteration.

object’s elements can be viewed as array format by using the print_r() function.

Magic Methods

NOTE ON MAGIC METHODS:

• Magic methods are the members functions that is available to all the instance of class
• Magic methods always starts with “__” (double underscore). Eg. __construct
• All magic methods needs to be declared as public
• To use magic method they should be defined within the class or program scope

Various Magic Methods used in PHP 5 are:

• __construct()
• __destruct()
• __set()
• __get()
• __call()
• __toString()
• __sleep()
• __wakeup()
• __isset()
• __unset()
• __autoload()
• __clone()